Motion capture technology was used to record the movements and facial expressions of the actors, which were later used to animate the digital characters.
A virtual camera system was developed that allowed the director to move through the virtual world and capture shots in real-time.
The movie was filmed using a specialized 3D camera rig that allowed for stereoscopic filming and created the illusion of depth.
Massive, a software application, was used to simulate large crowds and armies, which were seen in many of the battle scenes.
The visual effects team used complex algorithms to create realistic skin, fur, and hair for the digital characters.
A specialized rendering engine, called RenderMan, was used to create the movie's detailed landscapes and environments.
The visual effects team used a process called subsurface scattering to create the illusion of light passing through the skin of the digital characters.
The movie used a high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) technique to capture a wider range of colors and brightness levels than traditional cameras.
The sound design team used cutting-edge technologies, including 3D audio, to create an immersive sound experience for viewers.
Finally, the movie was produced using state-of-the-art computer hardware, including high-performance workstations and render farms, to process and render the enormous amount of data required for the movie's complex visual effects.